Hypertension | Revista Women's Health

Hypertension is sustained elevation of systolic or diastolic blood pressures. Represents a chronic disease that most often affects people.

Between 20 and 25% of adults over 18 have some degree of hypertension. The older, the prevalence of hypertension increases, affecting 50% of adults over 65 years.

Most cases of hypertension are of unknown cause, by what is known as ?essential or idiopathic hypertension.? Have been associated factors such as stress and excess weight. There is also a link between increased consumption of dietary sodium and hypertension, however, is a less powerful than the difference to excess weight.

There are many diseases that can accompany hypertension, such as those affecting renal and endocrine functions.

The health risk lies in the fact that few higher the blood pressure levels, the higher are the chances of developing other diseases affecting the heart, blood vessels or the brain, and death.

Hypertension is a silent disease, most patients do not show any problems, it is the duty of health personnel, measuring blood pressure for all patients attending consultation in order to detect and treat early.

The symptoms of hypertension that can become reason for consultation are:

• Shortness of breath
• Headache, usually in the occipital region, which appears on waking in the morning.
• Feeling dizzy
• Visual disturbances such as blurred vision.
• Bleeding from nose
• Ringing
• Palpitations
• Muscle fatigue
• Impotence
• Weakness
• Sudden loss of consciousness
• Nocturia

Among the severe manifestations of hypertensive disease are:

• Orthopnea
• Acute pulmonary edema
• Congestive Heart Failure
• Acute myocardial infarction
• Angina pectoris
• Aortic dissection
• Stroke
• Hypertensive encephalopathy

It is difficult to know which blood pressure is normal, since the levels vary with age, sex, race and other factors, even during the day and night.

Therefore, the distinction between high and normal pressure is arbitrary, it is considered that a person has high blood pressure with values higher than 130 mmHg systolic and 85 mmHg diastolic, and above 140/90 mmHg, establishes the diagnosis of some degree of hypertension.

Blood pressure is not treated, it can shorten the life of the sufferer from 10 to 20 years.

The blood pressure treatment involves general measures (salt restriction in diet, weight reduction and control, reduce and limit alcohol intake, increase exercise, avoid emotional stress and smoking cessation).

For the pharmacological management of hypertensive patients, diuretics can be used (such as thiazide), beta adrenergic blockers (like propranolol), calcium antagonists (such as nifedipine), inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (captopril) and angiotensin angiotensin II receptor.

Source: http://revistawomenshealth.com/diseases/hypertension/hypertension.html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=hypertension

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